Catastrophe 1914：Europe Goes to War-Max Hastings

THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK

PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF

Copyright © 2013 by Max Hastings

All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House LLC, New York, a Penguin Random House Company. Originally published in Great Britain as Catastrophe by William Collins, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, London, in 2013.

www.aaknopf.com

Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon

are registered trademarks of Random House LLC.

eBook ISBN: 978-0-385-35122-5

Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-307-59705-2

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hastings, Max.

Catastrophe 1914 : Europe goes to war / by Max Hastings.—First edition.

pages cm

ISBN 978-0-307-59705-2

1. World War, 1914–1918—Causes. 2. Europe—History—July Crisis, 1914.

I. Title.

D511.H37 2013

940.3′11—dc23 2013027865

Maps by John Gilkes

Cover design by Eric White

v3.1_r1

For

PENNY

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Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

List of Illustrations

List of Maps

Introduction

1914 Chronology

The Organisation of Armies in 1914

Prologue: SARAJEVO

1 ‘A Feeling That Events Are in the Air’

1 CHANGE AND DECAY

2 BATTLE PLANS

2 The Descent to War

1 THE AUSTRIANS THREATEN

2 THE RUSSIANS REACT

3 THE GERMANS MARCH

4 THE BRITISH DECIDE

3 ‘The Superb Spectacle of the World Bursting 103 into Flames’

1 MIGRATIONS

2 PASSIONS

3 DEPARTURES

4 Disaster on the Drina

5 Death with Flags and Trumpets

1 THE EXECUTION OF PLAN XVII

2 ‘GERMAN BEASTLINESS’

3 LANREZAC ENCOUNTERS SCHLIEFFEN

6 The British Fight

1 MONS

2 LE CATEAU: ‘WHERE THE FUN COMES IN, 219 I DON’T KNOW’

7 The Retreat

8 Tannenberg: ‘Alas, How Many Thousands 259 Lie There Bleeding!’

9 The Hour of Joffre

1 PARIS AT BAY

2 SIR JOHN DESPAIRS

3 SEEDS OF HOPE

10 The Nemesis of Moltke

1 THE MARNE

2 ‘STALEMATE IN OUR FAVOUR’

11 ‘Poor Devils, They Fought Their Ships Like Men’

12 Three Armies in Poland

13 ‘Did You Ever Dance with Him?’

1 HOME FRONTS

2 NEWS AND ABUSE

14 Open Country, Open Sky

1 CHURCHILL’S ADVENTURE

2 ‘INVENTIONS OF THE DEVIL’

15 Ypres: ‘Something That Was Completely Hopeless’

16 ‘War Becomes the Scourge of Mankind’

1 POLAND

2 THE