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考研英语第一时间英语知识运用卷第一部分、要点分析与应试技巧
第一部分、要点分析与应试技巧
一、 概论与要点分析
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷的第一部分为“英语知识运用”。考研大纲规定,该部分“不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度,而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等”。要求考生在一定时间内阅读一篇长度在240词~280词、含有20个空格的文章,并在全面理解文章内容的基础上,从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案,使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷里的英语知识运用的基础是格式塔(Gestalt)理论。格式塔理论认为,人的认知是受到经验和已有知识影响的,在感觉和理解上会将空缺的信息“自动”补上。例如,在喧闹的环境中,我们不一定总能听清楚对方说的每个字或每句话,但是我们能够听懂并且进行交谈,这是因为我们根据话语的上下文关系以及我们对谈话环境的了解对没有听懂的部分进行推测,从而将漏失的信息补全。基于这样的道理,英语知识运用测试题一般都选择较完整的段落或短文,原因就在于篇章段落能够提供更丰富的语境,以便考生根据整篇短文的大意和上下文逻辑关系等线索,将空缺部分还原。
英语知识运用试题中的20个空格是按照一定的间隔并根据语法或词汇的测试标准留出来的,它们从语篇的角度综合测试考生对文章的理解能力、对词汇和惯用搭配的掌握以及对语法知识的应用。与其他测试专项技能的题型相比,英语知识运用试题综合性强、测试面广。这几年的阅卷情况表明,很多考生在这一题型上的得分率并不高,其主要原因在于:(1)考虑问题的角度有偏差或不全面,对文章的整体理解不够透彻;(2)考生虽然对大纲规定的词汇都认识,但仅限于认词,限于一词一义或一词一用,对词的引申意义、固定搭配及约定俗成的习惯用法掌握较差,对同义词或近义词在意义上的区别及用法特点掌握得不够好;(3)语感不强。上述几方面的原因导致不少考生失分较多。以下我们通过分析2005年和2004年的真题,先来了解一下英语知识运用这一题型的测试重点。
2004年真题
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle�class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on j









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